Branches

In this guide, we will cover the basics of branching (conditional statements) in Vein. Branching is a fundamental concept in programming that allows you to make decisions in your code based on certain conditions.

if Statement

The if statement is used to execute a block of code if a specified condition evaluates to true.

Syntax

if (condition) {
    // Code to execute if condition is true
}

Example

auto number: i32 = 10;

if (number > 5) {
    Out.println("Number is greater than 5");
}

else if Statement

The else if statement is used to specify a new condition if the previous if condition was false.

Syntax

if (condition1) {
    // Code to execute if condition1 is true
}
else if (condition2) {
    // Code to execute if condition2 is true
}

Example

auto number: i32 = 10;

if (number > 15) {
    Out.println("Number is greater than 15");
}
else if (number > 5) {
    Out.println("Number is greater than 5 but less than or equal to 15");
}

else Statement

The else statement is used to execute a block of code if none of the previous conditions were true.

Syntax

if (condition1) {
    // Code to execute if condition1 is true
}
else if (condition2) {
    // Code to execute if condition2 is true
}
else {
    // Code to execute if none of the above conditions are true
}

Example

auto number: i32 = 3;

if (number > 15) {
    Out.println("Number is greater than 15");
}
else if (number > 5) {
    Out.println("Number is greater than 5 but less than or equal to 15");
}
else {
    Out.println("Number is 5 or less");
}

Nested if Statements

You can also nest if statements within other if, else if, or else blocks to create more complex conditions.

Example

auto number: i32 = 10;
auto isPositive: bool = true;

if (number > 0) {
    if (isPositive) {
        Out.println("Number is positive and greater than 0");
    }
    else {
        Out.println("Logical error: A positive number cannot be non-positive.");
    }
}
else {
    Out.println("Number is less than or equal to 0");
}

Conclusion

Using if, else if, and else statements allows you to control the flow of your program based on different conditions. Understanding how to use these branching statements will enable you to write more dynamic and complex code in Vein.